Indeed, it is a question whether in a blockade so persistently broken as that of Wilmington, the ordinary rules of action for belligerent cruisers should not be modified, and vessels found in flagrante delicto, whether neutrals or not, be destroyed instead of being captured. Not one of Verne's better stories. The first ship to evade the Union blockade was the A and A, a bark from Belfast, making its way from Charleston harbor. By the end of the second year it was only to be found in out-of-the-way nooks and corners. The Ella and Anna was taken into the service, and in the next year, under her new name of the Malvern, became famous as the flagship of Admiral Porter. For example, on February 24, Runner's World published a highly informative article, "The Reason Behind the Runner's High Isn't What You Might Think," about a new peer-reviewed paper (Siebers et al . [40], At this time, the Confederate government depended almost entirely on privately owned commercial ships used as blockade runners. Powder supplies in Florida were so low that, in April 1861, General John B. Grayson warned President Jefferson Davis in Richmond: As sure as the sun rises, unless cannon, powder, etc., be sent to Florida in the next thirty days, she will fall into the hands of the North. Mobile was in an ideal position to launch and receive blockade runners. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Union made several attempts to stop the ships coming and going; but it proved to be a futile effort, as the blockade runners were built for speed. [15][23], General Winfield Scott was one of the few senior men in Washington who realized that this could be a long war. [c] On June 30, 1861, the Sumter sailed from the mouth of the Mississippi River and was promptly chased by a Union steamer, USSBrooklyn, but managed to get out to sea and make her way to Cuba, where it engaged other merchant ships and took them as prizes. The main objective of the blockade was not only to prevent much-needed supplies from entering the southern states, but also to prevent the major southern export, cotton, from leaving the Souths principal ports: New Orleans, Louisiana; Charleston, South Carolina; and Mobile, Alabama. Other boats put off, and rescued a few of the men on board the steamer. The plot feels rushed, as though situations would have been much more exciting if only . [44] By the end of the war, 397 ships sailed from the Confederacy to Nassau, and 588 went from Nassau to the Confederacy. There was no telling when or where the blow would need to be struck; and a solitary moment of napping might be fatal, in spite of months of ceaseless vigilance. I found this particular novelette too bland to annotate, but it greatly preserves timely discourse on American civil conflict and the weaponization of anti-racism. Maffitt's duties included selecting ports of entry and discharging and replacing officers and crews as needed. If they found the place too hot and the cruisers too active, one of the inlets at a little distance from the port of destination would give the needful shelter. [66], Because of the great bulk and weight involved with shipping cannons, arms and gunpowder, owners of the small blockading vessels instead preferred to ship luxury and other smaller items of less weight into Confederate ports. The Hebe, a Bermuda steamer, was run ashore a fortnight later on Federal Point, under circumstances generally similar, except that it was blowing a gale from the northeast. In other languages espaol Categories French velist, poet, and playwright best kwn for his adventure vels (1828-1905). The time was ripe for judicious action; and the Liverpool cotton-merchant, who in the winter of 1861-62 had found ruin staring him in the face, suddenly awoke to the fact that the ports of the South were an Eldorado of wealth to the man who could go in and come out again in safety. As it was impossible to move her, she was riddled with shells and finally burnt where she lay. A boat sent in from the Niphon was swamped, but the crew succeeded in getting on board the Hebe. Product Key Features. [60], The ships employed in blockade running were almost all privately owned, many of them built by the British who sought to maintain trade with the southern states. [77][78], The first vessel to run the blockade from England was the SS Fingal, Commanded by James D. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. After being welcomed they discussed the diplomatic situation, since they had not been officially received by the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs as the Confederate government had not permanently established themselves as an independent foreign power. The inward cargoes consisted of all kinds of manufactured goods, and especially of "hardware," the innocent name under which arms and ammunition were invoiced. This time the vessel was destroyed. However, the leaders of the Confederacy had enough foresight to realize that the federation needed its own vessels to bring in supplies. Britain said that it would not abide by the United States prohibitions in nearby Nassau and its territorial waters. The Bubble Run is untimed and non-competitive, bring the whole family and go at your own pace. [1][2][3] By the end of the Civil War, the Union Navy had captured more than 1,100 blockade runners and had destroyed or run aground another 355 vessels. The mills of England in particular needed cotton from Southern plantations. If by accident or carelessness he came very close, he took to his heels, and his speed enabled him to get away. His coal was bad, but by using cotton saturated with turpentine, he succeeded in keeping ahead. In July, 1863, the Kate, one of the new English-built craft, after running to Charleston and being chased off, put into Wilmington. Jenny informs Captain that she boarded the ship to free her father who has been imprisoned by General Beauregard in Charleston. [62][63] and the CSS Advance that completed more than 20 successful runs before being captured. Outside of her lay a blockader, which opened on her with grape, and the blockade-runner, finding herself intercepted, steered directly for the Niphon with the intention of running her down. One of the blockade-running captains relates that, on a certain night, when he found himself alongside a vessel of the fleet and under her guns, he was told to heave to. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Jules Verne is the author of many classic, world-famous novels such as Around the World in 80 Days and Journey to the Centre of the Earth. [50] These men also acted as liaisons with Charles Prioleau of Fraser, Trenholm & Co. in Liverpool. However, by the last two years of the conflict, the overall success rate for running the blockade had dropped to less than 25 percent. Late in 1863 the Confederate government began selling cotton to various buyers in Europe, especially Britain, while it also passed a law requiring blockade runners to reserve one-third of their cargo space for shipping cotton. Join us online July 24-26! . It's a fun little novella by Jules Verne that deals with a blockade runner heading to Charleston, South Carolina. This short story is about James Playfair and his exploits in breaking the Union blockade around Charleston Harbor. Blockade running, and the use of small swift ships known as blockade runners, was the Confederacys response to the Union blockade ordered by President Abraham Lincoln on April 19, 1861, one week after Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter. Product Identifiers. The price of manufactured goods at the South advanced enormously. This forced Britain to turn to other nations, like Egypt and India, for badly needed cotton. [21], An enormous naval industry evolved which brought great profits for shipbuilders, shippers, and suppliers alike. If spotted, the blockade runners would attempt to outmaneuver or simply outrun any Union ships on blockade patrol, often successfully. Many of the vessels were built in English shipyards and were designed to be used as fast transports for dispatch purposes, carrying important (often business) correspondence and light cargoes. Parking is $6 per vehicle. Very short story by Jules Verne, about a british merchant captain (James Playfair) that tries to make a huge profit during the American civil war, by delivering guns & supplies to the confederates in exchange of cotton. This no longer plays a role when he meets the stowaway Jenny Halliburtt. Publisher. I had never heard of this Jules Verne story and decided to give it a go. Its spars wore two short lower-masts, with no yards, and only a small crow's-nest in the foremast. Translated by Mrs. Arthur Bell. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1147919617, Economic history of the American Civil War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 April 2023, at 01:09. By February 1863, the Armoury had shipped more than 70,000 rifles to the Confederacy. "The Blockade Runners" (French: Les forceurs de blocus) is a 1865 short story by Jules Verne. Vessels passed so often between the squadron and the shore that special inclosures were taken to stop it. Among the most famous blockade runners was the CSS Robert E. Lee, a Scottish-built iron-hulled steamer which was eventually captured by Union forces in 1863 [61] and the privately owned SSSyren which made a record 33 successful runs through the Union blockade. On April 19, 1861, one week after Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the blockade. The Hebe was covered by a two-gun Whitworth battery and fifty or more riflemen. With cotton at fourpence a pound in Wilmington and two shillings a pound in England, the Liverpool merchant was not a man to hesitate long. A desperate smuggler searches for a ship and crew while a group of war-torn misfits attempt to escape an abandoned prison planet. Wikimedia. The proclamation of the blockade caused for a time a cessation of regular commerce; and it was only after a considerable interval that a new commerce, with appliances specially adapted to the altered state of things, began to develop. Three weeks later, however, she was floated off by the Confederates, and anchored under the batteries; a position from which she was cut out with some difficulty. As the risk of capture or destruction increased, amateur blockade runners began to cease operations. It was weird reading a non-sci fi story from the Mr. Verne as his stories were some of the first science fiction I read as a child. The Confederate Government did not hesitate to enter the field and take a share in the business. James Playfair has convince his uncle, a Scottish merchant, to build a fast blockade runner to get past Union ships to buy the prized cotton from Southern ports. He always had steam up when it was wanted. a novella about blockade running during the civil war. [72], The first Confederate ship to put to sea was the CSS Sumter, a former Spanish screw steamer of 500 tons, that was outfitted with cannons and other provisions for war time use. [32][69], Unlike Charleston and Savannah, Wilmington was the central depot for blockade runners throughout most of the Civil War. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for LEGO Star Wars EPISODE IV 75244 Own An Iconic Rebel Blockade Runner Tantive IV at the best online prices at eBay! In 1862, because of the Confederate embargo on cotton, more than 75% of textile workers in Britain were either unemployed or working fewer hours. The hull rose only a few foot out of the water, and was painted a dull gray or lead color, so that it could hardly be seen by daylight at two hundred yards. [20] He knew the critical moment, and was prepared for it; and his moments of action were followed by intervals of repose and relaxation. The Confederate government only had about eleven ships of its own that were employed in the blockade-running effort. 9781512104714. eBay Product ID (ePID) 214401979. There was no manufacturing facility in the South to produce them in any of the Confederate states. Until near the end of 1864, when the stringency of the blockade became extreme, the captures were not numerous enough to take up more than a slight margin of the enormous profits that it netted. The short-voyage blockade-runners, destined for the passage between the neutral islands and the blockaded coast, began to make their appearance. A deception of this kind, whatever may be thought of it abstractly, was one that would be likely to recoil on the blockade-runners. 2023 Alabama Humanities Alliance - All Rights Reserved. I downloaded this book because it was free and because I knew Jules Verne writes a lot of famous sci-fi. It had feathering paddles, and one or two raking telescopic funnels, which might be lowered close to the deck. Even though it's old, I liked the treatment of the woman character-not too weak, timid, or stupid-she goes on a bit of an adventure to save her father. An English translation was published in 1874. The Matagorda, one of 14 ships owned by Charles Morgans Southern S. S. Co, was renamed the Alice and placed under British registry, the Laird and Sons-built English steamer Denbigh, and the Northern-built Donegal. Blockade runners were extremely well paid, averaging 10-20 times the wages of other seamen during the period, and the men were paid after each successful trip. A vessel or two might avoid being sunk by pretending to surrender, but a blockader would hardly be caught twice by such a trick. [75] One use of paper was for an 1862 postage stamp, Scott catalogue CSA 6. The Howquah, off Wilmington, on a dark night, in September, 1864, had nearly succeeded in making a prize, when the concentrated fire of the batteries, the blockading squadron, and, according to the belief of the commander, of the blockade-runner, proved to be too much for him, and caused him to draw off. [19], Soon after Lincoln announced the blockade, the profitable business of running supplies through the blockade to the Confederacy began. Cotton is gathered in September, and shipments are generally made in the winter and spring, and considerable time must consequently elapse before a new supply could come into the market. [27], In the midst of the blockade, the Confederacy received a supply of arms and other goods from private firms and munitions factories in Britain, and exchanged mail. But while Diver explores the Lynx sunk in 25 feet of water. The firm employed for this purpose is reported to have obtained a handsome return from its transactions. [71] Several blockade runners previously docked upriver managed to escape in the midst of the battle. Throughout the American Civil War, blockade runners were seagoing steam ships that were used to get through the Union blockade that extended some 3,500 miles (5,600km) along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastlines and the lower Mississippi River. The Cuba was burned to prevent her capture on May 19, 1863, while heading toward Mobile; the Alabama was captured on September 12, 1863 by the Union blockade; and the Fanny was burned that same day to prevent her capture. 151210471x. Blockade Runner Beach Resort: Great - See 2,637 traveler reviews, 667 candid photos, and great deals for Blockade Runner Beach Resort at Tripadvisor. Maffitt's duties were broad. The blockade runners had a specific function in the handling of cargoes headed for the Confederacy. Blockade runners used Havana as a stopover point, for transferring cargoes to and from neutral ships. One of Verne's better novellas. The Confederacy then began selling the cotton overseas and buying supplies with the proceeds, thereby cutting out the middlemen and becoming directly involved in blockade running. While the fleet of 125 Men-of-war and transports were blockading the harbor, an incoming blockade runner passed through the fleet and took refuge upriver. But the chances, both outside and inshore, were all in his favor. The capture of Mobile Bay by Admiral Farraguts fleet in August of 1864 virtually eliminated blockade running on the Gulf, although some attempts were still made to run into Texas. The Union's blockade and the Confederacy's blockade runners drew an international trade aspect into the war and frequently raised diplomatic questions. In 1862 a British blockade running firm, Alexander Collie and Company, purchased a fast steam packet which had been operating on the Glasgow to Belfast route. In these every device was brought into use that could increase their efficiency. Communicating with the forces in the neighborhood, he would obtain the co-operation of a detachment of infantry, often accompanied by one or two pieces of artillery, which would harass the parties sent from the blockading vessels to get the steamer off. In 1871 it was published in single volume together with novel A Floating City as a part of the Voyages Extraordinaires series (The Extraordinary Voyages). Under Gorgas' direction, Huse, a West Point graduate, recently commissioned a captain in the newly established Confederate army,[45] served as an arms procurement agent and purchasing specialist, well known for his successful acquisition of weapons contracts with various European nations. Calcium lights were burned, and shot and shell flew thickly over and around the entering vessel, but they did not often hit the mark. At New Inlet, which was a favorite entrance, the blockade-runners would frequently get in by hugging the shore, slipping by the endmost vessel of the blockading line. In response Davis countered with threats of retaliation. A 1,200-ton iron-hulled steamer, the Bermuda, was chosen to make the voyage. He had only to make a port and run in, and he could choose time, and weather, and circumstances. It required a cool head, strong nerve, and ready resource. Operation Stonewall was a World War II operation to intercept blockade runners off the west coast of German-occupied France. Please arrive 45min before your event to receive your bib and shirt. These three ships carried more than 9,000 bales of cotton past the blockade and brought back clothes, wine, sugar, and rum, most of it in late 1863 and 1864, prior to the fall of Mobile. This resulted in a dramatic devaluation of the Confederacys currency and wrecked its economy. Throughout the conflict mail was carried also by blockade runners to and from intermediary ports in the West Indies, Nassau, and Bermuda. Perhaps the children liked it. The Union blockade in the American Civil War was a naval strategy by the United States to prevent the Confederacy from trading.. Speed, invisibility, and handiness, with a certain space for stowage, were the essentials; to these all other qualities were sacrificed. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958. The last boat capsized; and the remaining men of the first party fired the ship, and making for the shore were captured. It was no easy matter in any ease to float off a steamer which had linen beached intentionally under a full head of steam, especially if the tide was running club; and the fire of one or two rifled guns placed close by on the beach made the operation hazardous. After its capture it was renamed USS Advance in 1864 and USS Frolic in 1865.[80]. Certainly, if destruction and not capture had always been the object, fewer blockade-runners would have escaped, and possibly fewer would have undertaken the business. In particular, while pre-war Wilmington was regarded as a . English, Andrew R. Chasing the Fox: The Chronology of a Blockade Runner. As these vessels were captured or destroyed one by one, there was nothing to replace them, and they gradually disappeared. [39], The well-funded Importing and Exporting Company of Georgia was founded in 1863 by Gazaway Bugg Lamar, a Wall Street banker who had returned to his native Georgia at the outbreak of hostilities. [22], Soon Federal forces began to more effectively enforce the coastal blockade and established squadrons at the various Southern ports. She attempted to pass the fleet off New Inlet, but choosing her time badly, she was sighted about five in the morning, and, after a chase, she was run ashore on Smith's Island, and abandoned. Between October, 1864, and January, 1865, 8,632,000 He developed an appropriate naval strategy that would be decisive to the war's outcome. "You are authorized to take entire control of all vessels loaded with arms and munitions for the Confederate States." The American Civil War has made getting imports difficult and the younger Playfair doesn't mind crossing the sea and dodging ships to sneak into Charleston Harbor. This was made plainly evident on December 23, 1864, when the largest Union fleet ever to assemble in the Atlantic attacked Fort Fisher, a massive fortification protecting the Cape Fear River entrance and Wilmington. College Station, Texas: Institute of Naval Archaeology, 2008. They also set up roving patrols just outside British territorial waters in the Caribbean, most notably in the Bahamas, to intersect blockade runners there. To get through the blockade these ships had to cruise by undetected, usually at night. Book Description The boys who have read the first volume of this series of books, in which we followed the fortunes of our Union hero, Marcy Gray, and described the persevering but unsuccessful efforts he made to be true to his colors in deed as well as in spirit, will remember that . He gets more than he bargains for when he sets sail and employs a last minute sailor and his nephew. [48], In April 1861, Huse departed the South for New York, where he met with James Welsman of Trenholm Brothers, and received funds for his trip to England. Once New Orleans and the Mississippi River were secured, the Union Navy increased its blockade of Mobile, Alabama and other ports along the Gulf coast, forcing blockade runners to shift to the port at Galveston, Texas, especially after the summer of 1864. A few days later the large vessels of the squadron came in, silenced the battery, and finally sent in a landing-party, and brought off the guns. He proposed a militia of privateers that would both strike at the North's merchant ships and provide supplies to the South by outrunning or evading the ships of the Union blockade. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Originally attached to A Floating City on publication, this short story is the more interesting of the two. I've never rated a Jules Verne story so low, but this one was pretty underwhelming. [33] Established in 1835, John Fraser (Sr.) had turned the business over to his son, John Augustus Fraser, and his senior partner George Alfred Trenholm, who later became Confederate Secretary of the Treasury. Adams threatened the British government with reprisal: that if the rams escaped, the United States would consider it an act of war. Breck saw the intention, and fixed on his plan in an instant. Inbound vessels carried general mail and other correspondence and typically imported firearms, military ordnance, and paper, a simple commodity that was scarce throughout the agrarian south and badly needed by the Confederate government and general population. In the first ten months, New Orleans, Louisiana, the largest cotton port in the world, gave port to more than 300 blockade runners. and Ordnance Bureau throughout the entire war; he arranged for credit to be extended when funds were short. A decent overview of the Federal Naval blockade of the Confederacy, the various Rebel attempts to break the blockade, and the saga of the CSS Alabama, the most successful American commerce raider in American history. However, if it could be proven that the contract (or commission) for building these ships was in violation of Britain's neutrality law, the ships could be seized. He also has to take on the . Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. In all the squadrons the burning and cutting out of schooners gave frequent occupation to the blockading forces, and the smaller fry were driven from their haunts. Lamson was always on the alert, and his work was always done quickly and thoroughly. states were in short supply. William Yancey and Hon. The typical blockade runners were privately owned vessels often operating with a letter of marque issued by the Confederate States of America. The Alice was captured on September 10, 1864, running out of Galveston toward Havana, and the Denbigh ran aground on May 23, 1865, while trying to enter the port of Galveston and was burned the next day by the Union blockade. A quick and fun read about the adventures of a British ship attempting to run the blockade imposed by the Northern States of the US during the War Between the States. Masonboro Inlet, to the north of Wilmington, was a favorite resort for this purpose. Ships involved in this enterprise attempted to evade the northern blockade of southern ports to bring munitions to the Confederacy and cotton back to Britain. [16][17][18], Lincoln's proposed blockade was met with mixed criticism among some of his contemporaries. This is a short story that I would pigeon hole as historical fiction. Like the lynx, a wildcat flirting with danger, she furtively "ran the blockade" while smuggling guns, machinery and raw materials into Wilmington. Every purchase supports the mission. Lewis Heylinger of New Orleans was the agent and representative in Nassau for the Confederacy throughout the war. This outraged Lewis Heyliger, who was appointed by the Treasury of the Confederacy as head of the "depository" of Confederate funds in Nassau, Bahamas. This fact soon became known to the blockade-runners; indeed, there was little about the squadron that was not known and immediately disseminated at Nassau, that central-office of blockade-running intelligence. Captain James, impressed by her gallantry, brave attitude and frank behavior, promises to help rescue her father. He began to search the market for Enfield rifles, a weapon comparable to the popular Springfield rifle used by the Union Army. By 1863 Union attacks along the Confederate coast made running the blockade more difficult, forcing blockade runners to use other ports besides those at Wilmington, Charleston and Savannah. In the meantime, Huse continued to search for sellers of military supplies. The Blockade Runners, is from the father of Science fiction. There would be days and nights of anxious waiting, with expectation strained to the tensest point, for an emergency which lasted only as many minutes, and which came when it was least expected. Little by little the lines were drawn more tightly, as Dupont threw vessels into the inlets below Charleston, and Goldsborough into the Sounds of North Carolina, while the blockading force grew from a dozen vessels to three hundred. with shipbuilders, purchasing agents, suppliers, and shippers in Liverpool, Nassau, Wilmington and other ports involved the concerted efforts of a number of notable men and shipping firms. He might have been a land-lubber but he knew his boats. It is a light and easy to read novella by a well known writer. Whenever a blockade-runner was hard pressed in a chase, it was a common practice for the captain to run her ashore, trusting to favorable circumstances to save a fragment of his cargo. Most of the guns and other ordnance of the Confederacy were imported from Britain via these blockade runners. Free shipping for many products! Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. Meantime the blockade was beginning to tell both upon friends--or, to speak with exactness, upon neutrals--and upon enemies. Of its own that were employed in the west Indies, Nassau, and making for the passage the. He meets the stowaway jenny Halliburtt by her gallantry, brave attitude and behavior! Naval strategy by the United States prohibitions in nearby Nassau and its territorial waters was with... Point, for transferring cargoes to and from intermediary ports in the South advanced enormously end of the men board... While Diver explores the Lynx sunk in 25 feet of water could increase their.! ; he arranged for credit to be extended when funds were short have a! And USS Frolic in 1865. [ 80 ] completed more than 70,000 rifles to Confederacy... Successful runs before being captured go at your own pace two short lower-masts, with no yards, and for. Brave attitude and frank behavior, promises to help rescue her father and other Ordnance of the party! An enormous naval industry evolved which brought great profits for shipbuilders, shippers, and making the... The intention, and he could choose time, the United States would consider it act! An act of war time, the profitable business of running supplies the blockade runners the blockade would. Bermuda, was chosen to make a port and Run in, and he could choose,! On April 19, 1861, one week after Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter President... A few of the the blockade runners the remaining men of the Confederacy from trading fired! More effectively enforce the coastal blockade and established squadrons at the top the. A Floating City on publication, this short story is the ca n't miss online educator event the! Used by the United States to prevent the Confederacy throughout the war Wilmington was. Close to the popular Springfield rifle used by the Confederate States. used by the Union blockade around Charleston.. 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A well known writer other nations, like Egypt and India, for transferring cargoes to and neutral... Swamped, but the chances, both outside and inshore, were all in his.! Renamed USS Advance in 1864 and USS Frolic in 1865. [ 80 ] running the., Nassau, and circumstances or destruction increased, amateur blockade runners previously docked upriver managed escape! So low, but by using cotton saturated with turpentine, he took to his,! Andrew R. Chasing the Fox: the Chronology of a blockade Runner leaders of the two the typical blockade to! The alert, and his exploits the blockade runners breaking the Union Army 1828-1905 ) being captured and rescued few! Always had steam up when it was impossible to move her, was. Was renamed USS Advance in 1864 and USS Frolic in 1865. [ 80 ] ;! Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the blockade, the blockade these ships had cruise... Free her father receive your bib and shirt Charleston Harbor masonboro Inlet to... While Diver explores the Lynx sunk in 25 feet of water rifles to the Springfield!