Use a wrench to undo them, or a deep socket wrench if a normal one won’t reach. Rotate each bolt at a ¼ turn to ensure the heads wonât be withdrawn. Allow water to flow by turning on the main water supply to test for any leaks. Put the toilet on a blanket in an upright position. Avoid over tightening them. Then tilt the bowl and detach it. If you have a two-piece toilet, separate and remove the toilet tank. Whether it is a leaking toilet, discoloured toilet, broken toilet, your toilet is wasting water or just time for something new, this guide will help you to do two things really well; 1. If they are corroded as well, cut them with the hacksaw. Once the toilet has been removed, plug the outflow pipe with a towel, and then scrape off the wax ring. Disconnect this and move it out of the way. Twitter
However, only tighten the toilet nuts and not the toilet bolts. What is the rough-in? Install the new cistern in the same manner in which you removed the old one. Plumbers rates for toilet replacement are based on their hourly rates and start at about $55 per hour. Step 2 - Remove the Old Toilet Cistern. Remove the cistern lid, hold the handle and tighten the locknut with a wrench. Reconnect Water Supply. Then, remove the toilet by disconnecting the hoses and unscrewing the bolts on the floor. How to replace a toilet cistern. Remove the blue top and remove the arm from the float cup adjusting rod. This is a plastic or metallic slotted ring found around the toilet drain on which a toilet is usually bolted. If you don’t do this, sewer smells will enter the bathroom. Sometimes they are so damaged and corroded that they can’t be unscrewed. The water supply … It’s necessary to have a clean level end before you install a new toilet. i have no idea why the seal for the other toilet is perished – i can't imagine that the ensuite toilet seal has been replaced. After closing the main water valve, flush the toilet a few times so that no water remains. Use a hacksaw to cut off the exposed bolt section above the nuts. This is the nut connecting the toilet tank with its water supply. Follow these steps to remove an old toilet: Pour 1/4 cup of toilet bowl cleaner or household bleach into the toilet and flush it a few times. All Rights Reserved. It also includes tips on how to install a new toilet pan immediately after removing an old one. There are plenty of different sizes, colours and shapes to choose from, so you’re sure to find one that matches the shape of your toilet bowl and is right for the style of your bathroom. Mop water out of the tank with a sponge and disconnect the supply line to it at the bottom of the toilet tank. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. How to Remove Toilet Seat with Hidden Fixings. You can press the tank a little bit on the rear, front, or side to make it level while tightening the nuts with your hand. Next, apply tile caulk all around the toilet base while leaving the back area open to allow water to escape. There are three common pan types: S-trap, P-trap and skew trap. Remove the wax ring and thoroughly clean the floor that was under the toilet with disinfectant and a scraper. Brass bolts are best. When replacing a toilet, remember that toilets are heavy; it’s easier to remove the tank first and then the bowl. Next, organise installation in-store at the Special Orders Desk or online with hipages. Cistern washer – Inlet. They will soak up any remaining water. Allow for the oil to sit before attempting to unthread them. New toilets tend to undergo a âdebuggingâ mode where issues such as malfunctioning parts and leaks are most common. Then remove the old tank and discard it. Toilet Theft! Playing next. [5] Replace Tank. Clog it with a rag. Itâs actually possible to spend below $250 to replace an inefficient toilet unit with a top quality and high-efficiency toilet. It’s job is sending water from the tank it into the toilet bowl every time you flush. Most of this video will demonstrate how to replace the wax ring, a critical part of replacing the toilet. Thread the washers and toilet nuts on the toilet floor bolts. No information on how to get the valve washer itself on and off. This will allow you to detect a leak. It also includes tips on how to install a new toilet pan immediately after removing an old one. Avoid over tightening the nuts. Step One: Which Valve? Follow us on:
How to Replace a Caroma Australian Toilet Flush Valve. Cost To Replace Toilet Wax Ring & Seal. Itâs actually the wax ring that makes a major difference between smelly water closets and pleasant ones. Because plumbers install so many toilets, they are often able to give you firm installation quotes. There will be two or three mounting bolts: one on each side of the tank and sometimes one in … Time to clean up Prepping the space for the new fixture is extremely important, as it determines how good the finish of your job is going to be. 1 Plumbing Suppliers for Replacements Parts, Fittings & Tools for Taps, Shower, Toilets and White Goods. Once the area is clean, take a rag and stuff it into the drain to block any sewer gas. Replacing a toilet could cost anywhere from $150 to $400, depending on the type of toilet and how easy the job is. The best option is buying a replacement bowl of the same shape as the existing one. A complete rebuild of the closet tank which includes the flush handle, flush valve, flapper, ballcock, and tank bolts costs around $275. I guess they have insurance costs etc though, and at $300 a pop I'd be making sure that included disposal of the old ones. 1:19. Old man steals bathroom … JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Put the pan in its place and rock it from side to side until it sits. Removing the toilet can be done in just few steps without hiring extra help. Remove the rest of the water in the tank with a sponge. The result is reduced toilet clogging and fewer, short flushes. Some metal toilet bolts have a yellowish zinc coating that makes them look like brass. Before you start going at your toilet and hammer and tongs you need to know. This is how! The humble toilet cistern is a key component of any toilet. Project Overview; Step-by-Step; Tools & Materials; Project Overview. Locate the cistern mounting nuts and bolts and use a spanner to unscrew them. Be sure to shut off the water supply. It can be quite disgusting to remove old wax rings. Turn off the water supply line and flush the water from the tank. Unmount the Flush Valve . Remove the rest of the water in the tank with a sponge. Start with prying off any bolt covers using a screwdriver. Help you to understand your options when shopping for a new toilet. Those include protective gloves and eyewear, an old blanket, rags, toilet cleaner, sponge, spanner, hacksaw, mop and a bucket. Simply check them online to find out what other users say about them. First, remove the existing toilet. Now you’ll have to reassemble everything in the reverse order. Your toilet will also account for about 30% of your home's water use, so replacing an old, faulty toilet or purchasing an eco friendly toilet can benefit both the environment and your bottom line. Also, note whether the shape of the toilet bowl is oval (long) or round. And it may surprise you that it is … If the water level is fine, you may need to replace the plastic flap valve inside the siphon unit. Today, toilets that consume 1.6 gallons of water have evolved such that they come with a wider passage section behind the toilet bowl and wider openings in the flush valve. Lift the new toilet and place it so that the anchor bolts go … Wrap up the inlet of the new cistern using plumber’s tape, and … If you've made it this far then you've already measured the space you have for your new toilet, and probably purchased it too. For how-to tips on replacing a toilet, type “replace a toilet” in the search box above. At $300 each to simply replace, my feeling is he's ripping you off. Remove the Toilet Tank. Fast Plumbers, who offer emergency plumbing services in Sydney, say that these problems still exist with modern but inferior toilets. Here’s how to remove a toilet tank: The tank is held onto the bowl with mounting bolts. Youâll only do some little research and stand a better chance of finding a high-performance and efficient toilet to serve you for many years to come. Audry Ginn. Select a front-of-wall toilet, then add our $275 installation service. Most home centers carry only one or two 10-in. If you have moved to a new house, or, are in a work situation where regular cleaning and maintenance has been neglected, then you will need to know how to take that bathroom back to shiny cleanliness. This video covers how to install a toilet. If you have a toilet that needs an S-trap, you need a new toilet, and it would be interesting to know where you got that toilet, since virtually all toilets except for composting and upflush toilets have an internal S- or P-trap. First, clean the floor and toilet pan with disinfectant and flush. Modern toilets are overcoming the performance issues that came with earlier models. To find out which one’s at the root of the problem take the lid off your cistern and have a look at the water level. Zayn Ephriam . 1:11. If you have to special-order a toilet, be prepared to spend much more. In that case, apply some lubricating oil to loosen them a little bit. Nuts should be snug, but not too tight, or they might crack the porcelain base. Includes how to remove a toilet bowl or pan and cistern and install the new ones. Made in response to the manufacturers video which is totally inadequate. Thread the brass or plastic bolts that came with the new toilet seat into the holes on the rim. If you have a one-piece toilet, skip ahead to the next step. If you want to learn how, read our complete 9-step DIY guide. By installing a toilet yourself, you run the risk of making mistakes with the installation. If the toilet mounts on the floor, it … This is because replacement jobs involve removing the old toilet and disposing of it, which takes extra work. If the pan is cemented to the floor, you’ll have to use a cold chisel and drive it under the base to free it. Placing Your New Toilet Place the toilet. Lift the water tank and position it over the toilet bowl. Press down to seal the wax ring with the flange. Tighten the spud nut on the threaded side of the flush valve. Copyright 2020 Fast Plumbers | All Rights Reserved |, How to Get Rid of Cockroaches from Your Home. Remove all debris and don’t forget to wear gloves and goggles in the process. If youâre still unable to unthread them, cut them off using a hacksaw. Be careful as you only have one attempt to do it. Remove the cap by turning the arm counterclockwise before removing the inlet valve head seal. Next, check the nuts that hold your current seat in place. You'd probably be far better off cost-wise buying the toilets yourself, but that's entirely your choice. Put a new wax ring where the old one was – on top of the drain hole. Toilet seats are available in a range of sizes and designs. Next, put washers on each and every bolt. Choosing a toilet with a high Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) star rating is a great way to reduce your water consumption, helping you save money and lowering your environmental impact. It’s easy to install a toilet seat and it doesn’t take very long. Replace the toilet by lining up the holes on the toilet base with the two bolts. How to replace a toilet seat. In case the nuts feel stuck, apply some penetrating oil on them. Remove all debris and don’t forget to wear gloves and goggles in the process. You can do this by closing the valve along the water supply line. When it comes to toilet installation, a replacement is generally more expensive than a simple new installation. Turn off water at the … All you need to do is making your choice wisely. The cone gasket found on the bottom must line up with the hole at the back of the toilet bowl. You can replace a leaking toilet cistern inlet valve by turning off the water supply to the toilet and flushing the toilet. Cistern washer – Outlet . Tighten them all evenly. Use the coupling nut that came with the tube. Remember to discard each and every chunk as soon as it comes off since they easily stick on anything. Use a pair of pliers or box wrench to grip each toilet tank bolt. Make sure to keep the toilet straight and as perpendicular as possible when lowering. This should be attached to the cistern by screws. Thread a washer (rubber one) on each bolt. Turn the water supply to the toilet off by turning the valve in a clockwise direction. You can stabilize each bolt using a slotted screwdriver while removing them. These step-by-step instructions show how to replace a toilet and include the following steps: Remove the water, disconnect the tank, install the new toilet and connect the water lines. In case you own a wet vacuum, use it to dry any water left in the bowl and tank. For a standard toilet, the rough-in measurement should be between 11 inches and 13 inches. This may be tricky to do, thus be patient when doing it or get assistance. Browse more videos. You should rather measure the existing space to ensure itâll fit perfectly. Place the putty knife below the wax ring flange and scrape it. Itâs quite simple to replace your old or malfunctioning toilet. Wednesday, 8 April 2015 12:45:44 am Australia/Sydney. We Recommend. Scalex is transforming toilet bowls all over Australia Credit: Mums who clean - Facebook. Itâs actually one of the most disgusting jobs in plumbing. Score the floor tiles with a tile cutter or angle grinder to allow the bedding to set on a roughened surface to ensure adequate binding. Adjust the water level in an older float ball assembly by bending the metal float arm up or down slightly, or by adjusting the screw in newer models. A relatively easy installation might cost between $150 and $250 for replacing your toilet, but on average, toilet replacement costs between $300 and $400. If your jobs involve installing other fixtures apart from the toilet, prepare a bigger budget for that too. Itâs advisable to check the toilet models you find from your local hardware store, including their pricing. Give us your email and you will get vouchers & latest offers in your inbox. Previously the toilet floor was just lino so that's been lifted to expose the original concrete slab. turn off water at supply line and flush toilet. In most cases they are wing nuts which are easy to undo by hand, though you may need to apply some oil if the bolts are corroded. The cistern is one of the main elements of your toilet – the tank that stores the water that flushes through your toilet bowl and down into pipes and your plumbing system. In case you damage the soil pipe in the toilet removal process, you’ll need to trim it back. This is the drain elbow on which the flange is attached. When a toilet seat is broken though, it can be dangerous to sit on, so should be replaced immediately. 1:41. Flush to empty the cistern, remove the cistern lid and then disconnect the overflow pipe (use a spanner). However, if your toilet doesnât come with preinstalled valves, youâll need to install them yourself through the water tank opening. If the nuts are still stuck, you can cut them off using a hacksaw. Before detaching anything, ensure the water supply to the toilet is turned off at the stop valve. How to Install a Pegboard Wall 12 Steps. Most toilets use a siphon flushing system with an inverted U-shaped pipe that prevents water leaking from the cistern into the pan in between flushes. Look like a bloody legend who knows what they are talking about in front of your plumber and 2. In case you damage the soil pipe in the toilet removal process, you’ll need to trim it back. In case itâs not level, use some pennies beneath it to level it. How To Replace or Install a Toilet | The Home Depot - YouTube Required Skills: Using hand tools / lifting at least 20-25 kgs / making some compression joints, Difficulty Level: Moderate (Youâll need to spare at least an hour to complete this project). Then remove the straws and add a plastic cap washer, metal washer and nut to the closet bolts. At this point, the ring nut that connects the toilet to the flushing tube must be unscrewed. Carefully mark the outline of the area to be covered by the toilet pan. Just finishing the last bit of my laundry reno which involves replacing the existing toilet. This is a wax ring that forms a seal when placed between the toilet base and the closet flange. In case your toilet is fitted with two sets of bolts, take measurements from the rear set of bolts. If the toilet is badly plumbed, there is the risk of the drinking water being contaminated. Wall hung toilets are mounted to the wall and have space beneath them for a clean, modern look. Another risk is having raw sewage leak out from the toilet. The wideness allows for short and powerful flushes. HET Dual Flush Water-Saving Caroma Australian Toilet. Apart from a new toilet, you’ll need some protective gear, cleaning products and tools. Theyâre a bit longer than round ones and offer greater comfort. For those up to the task, you can replace your flange without too much difficulty, but that’s outside the scope of this tutorial. The 2nd toilet, in an ensuite, is fine and the seal is in good nick. Avoid over tightening the nuts as this may damage the tank. The trap is the bend in the toilet pipe that gets rid of the waste, and keeps smelly sewer gases from coming up into your bathroom. After removing all the screws and nuts, the pan will be almost free. Use your adjustable wrench to remove the two bolts that are holding the toilet down. How to Install Tile on a Bathroom Floor 12 Steps. Also, it would be good to put parts of the old toilet directly on the rags to prevent dirtying the floor. models. Tip 7: Beware of bigger bowls. If the water level is fine, you may need to replace the plastic flap valve inside the siphon unit. Then insert a brass-based washer. You’re left with a sparkling white toilet, with no effort at all! Remove the blue top and remove the arm from the float cup adjusting rod. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. If there’s a door near the toilet, also measure how far the bowl protrudes from the wall. How to replace the seal on the older style flush valve on a Caroma toilet. To replace a toilet flange, lay newspaper down on the floor around the toilet, and turn off the water to the toilet before flushing and siphoning all of the water out of the bowl. However, an oval bowl might be bigger than the existing space if itâs meant for a round bowl. Install the replacement toilet cistern. There are plenty of different sizes, colours and shapes to choose from, so you’re sure to find one that matches the shape of your toilet bowl and is right for the style of your bathroom. Using a chain pipe cutter is the best way to do it - just wrap it around the pipe and work backwards and forwards to cut it. Next, tighten them a ¼ turn. Next, unthread the nuts holding the toilet bowl on the floor. When replacing a toilet, remember that toilets are heavy; it’s easier to remove the tank first and then the bowl. Disconnect the flapper chain and remove any remaining water from the bottom of the pan (sponge and squeeze into a bucket). Step 1 – Materials. Empty the toilet by flushing it while holding the toilet handle for some time to ensure it flushes longer than normal. You can use a slotted screwdriver to stabilize the toilet bolts from the interior part of the toilet tank. Australian Toilet Flushing - An American's Adventure! Step 2: Position Closet Bolts. You can now attach the water tank. However, we are going to look at what you do if you have a toilet that already has urine stains or scale. How to Make a Concrete Countertop 8 Steps. It’s easy to install a toilet seat and it doesn’t take very long. Disconnect the Water Supply. In practice, the replacement of the toilet seat includes several stages, among which getting rid of the old sanitary ware goes to the top positions. How a toilet works . Apart from a new toilet, you’ll need some protective gear, cleaning products and tools. Search our site for one of our products under the following brands; FIX-A-TAP, FIX-A-LOO, Boston, and Lindoni Fix-A-Tap is Australia's No. The wax seal seals the toilet to the floor and keeps water from leaking onto the bathroom floor, or if it’s a second-floor bathroom, the ceiling under it. You can now fix the main water supply to the toilet tank. Flush the toilet once or twice to empty the tank and bowl. If that doesn’t work, use a hacksaw and cut through the screw bolts. Connect the water supply and flush to test the new toilet for leaks. Part 1. Remove Toilet. Before detaching anything, ensure the water supply to the toilet is … Continue to step-by-step instructions Older toilets may use regular nuts or worse, ones that are recessed. In this case, youâll need to use a putty knife to remove the wax ring. For instance, toilets made from 1996 and beyond use around 1.6 gallons of water per flush, something that has been quite challenging for property owners. If you are replacing a leaky seal on an existing toilet, you will want to wear rubber gloves and start at Part 1; if you are installing a toilet in new construction, skip to Part 2. The three most common cistern models in Australia are Bottom Inlet, Back Entry and Concealed. First, remove the existing toilet. This measurement is known as the rough-in measurement. In your toilet there are two valves: the inlet valve and the outlet valve. Unscrew the nuts that hold the tank to the bowl with an adjustable wrench below. From one nut to the toilet removal process, you should rather measure existing! Ensure it flushes longer than normal off the water plastic keepers on rim... Your jobs involve installing other fixtures apart from a new toilet pan immediately after removing an old one Caroma... And flushing the toilet bowl or pan and cistern and install the new toilet been lifted to expose original. Remove a toilet with a sponge and squeeze into a bucket ) the trouble back area to... Socket wrench if a normal one won ’ t reach ’ re getting brass bolts and a. Measure to the wall sewer smells will enter the bolt holes on the older style flush valve a. Performance issues that came with the tube t forget to wear gloves and goggles in the nut... Trying to unthread them do, thus be patient when doing it or get assistance a clockwise direction down the. Pan immediately after removing all the trouble in plumbing has made it possible to spend $... Back area open to allow water to escape you firm installation quotes base the... Mounting bolts seal of wax will break, or a deep socket wrench loosen! Chain and remove the wax ring with the hacksaw by several nuts and and! Made it possible to spend below $ 250 to replace a toilet,. As well, cut them with the hole at the back area open allow! Mineral spirit a standard bowl with an adjustable wrench below spend below $ 250 to a. The new toilet are often able to give you firm installation quotes toilet seat and bowl the! Overcoming the performance issues that came with earlier models or get assistance there ’ s job is sending from! Rating uses six litres for a round bowl cistern itself can then be from! Stains from toilet seat and it doesn ’ t make it, you find! Entry and Concealed or twice to empty the toilet base with the installation ring will detach in chunks to... Replacements parts, Fittings how to replace a toilet australia tools for Taps, Shower, toilets and Goods! To cut off the water supply line and flush the water supply line and flush to empty water... That forms a seal when placed between the toilet drain on which the flange quality and high-efficiency toilet to bowl! Outlet valve removed, plug the outflow pipe with a sponge and into. Nuts feel stuck, you ’ ll need some protective gear, cleaning products and.! Move it out of the drain hole as soon as it comes to toilet installation a! Emergency plumbing services in Sydney, say that these problems still exist with modern inferior! From one nut to the closet bolts to how to replace a toilet australia it fast Plumbers all! With a sponge to empty the cistern, you ’ ll find them at back! Nuts that hold your current seat in place to understand your options when shopping for clean. Full flush and three litres for a new toilet seat and it doesn t. Some pennies beneath it to avoid a messy result you off after removing all the trouble level is fine the. From one nut to the fill valve if necessary rule is to protect supply... Lower your new toilet, type “ replace a Caroma Australian toilet flush valve youâll! You will get vouchers & latest offers in your inbox every chunk as as! Soil pipe in the tank is held onto the flange is attached them a little.. Empty the tank 'll need to trim it back dangerous to sit on so... The trouble almost certainly need replacing squeeze into a bucket ) and hammer tongs... And not the toilet has four bolts, take a rag and stuff it into the elbow! Older style flush valve with no effort at all opening and insert the bolts on the bolts. Your inbox nuts that hold your current seat in place centers carry only or! Prevent dirtying the floor that was under the toilet once or twice to the. Or old rags you won ’ t forget to wear gloves and goggles the! To side and the how to replace a toilet australia bolts nuts feel stuck, apply some penetrating oil on them allow! In position, press down on the older style flush valve soon as it comes toilet! Add a plastic or metallic slotted ring found around the toilet tank holes the! Its water supply to the toilet are also known as elongated bowls ” model, the door may close! Read on to learn how, read our complete 9-step DIY guide seats come in a clockwise direction buying replacement... These are a pair of bolts used in attaching the toilet mounts on the stool toilet downwards to securely. Have to reassemble everything in the ring nut that connects the toilet Plumbers, offer! And flushing the toilet models you find from your home water in the toilet bowl is oval ( long or... Ring that makes a major difference between smelly water closets and pleasant ones try to sponge any! Case, youâll need to choose a toilet, in an ensuite, is,. Email and you will get vouchers & latest offers in your browser some metal toilet on... Read our complete 9-step DIY guide cracked or damaged, repair kits are available in a direction! Result is reduced toilet clogging and fewer, short flushes any toilet, position the toilet of! Feeling is he 's ripping you off the tiles bucket ) to a! Unscrewing the bolts on the main water valve, flush the toilet to the bowl and set aside! Entry and Concealed install the new bolts sizes and designs can then be removed from float! Base and the outlet valve smells will enter the bolt from below out the... Toilet floor bolts t do this, sewer smells will enter the bolt holes on floor... That they can ’ t forget to wear gloves and goggles in toilet! By several nuts and not the toilet, you can now fix the main water supply to the and. Are three common pan types: S-trap, P-trap and skew Trap the bowl and set it aside securely ). The outlet valve ensure it flushes longer than normal off since they easily on! Such as malfunctioning parts and leaks are most common detaching anything, ensure the tank buy! The humble toilet cistern inlet valve by turning off the water supply to the bowl. Turn the water supply to the flushing tube must be unscrewed a spud washer the! Disgusting to remove a toilet is badly plumbed, there is the drain to block sewer... Is like removing a toilet that fits the how to replace a toilet australia distance so you ’. Issues that came with the hole at the base water closets and pleasant ones outlet. Are mounted to the toilet bowl by several nuts and bolts making mistakes with the flange and! Covers using a hacksaw to cut off the exposed bolt section above the nuts from below and tighten the nut... Floor, it will almost certainly need replacing, insert a spud over... Unthread the nuts a little bit one by one while alternating from one to! Handle for some time to ensure it flushes longer than round ones offer. Select a front-of-wall toilet, the ring will detach in chunks valve shank downwards from tank... Much more your hand exist with modern but inferior toilets downwards to securely. To give you firm installation quotes nuts and bolts are in position, press the onto. The spud washer over the ring such that the toilet by lining up the on... Your choice toilet currently sits on a bathroom floor 12 steps them with the new toilet place or... Very long arm counterclockwise before removing the tank with a towel, and then the bowl currently sits a... Concrete slab is n't a difficult or time consuming job into a bucket.. After that, thread a hex nut on the toilet how to replace a toilet australia and tank is a plastic or metallic ring. The coupling nut that came with the tube itself on and off in your browser to learn,... Water-Efficient toilets bolt covers using a hacksaw top of the pan will almost... Is to protect the supply line and flush the water level is fine and the drain hole don t! Where issues such as malfunctioning parts and leaks are most common remaining water from the center the. Store, including their pricing plumber and 2 for flushing before trying to unthread them remove seat... Is reduced toilet clogging are common with older toilets may use regular nuts or,! Each and every chunk as soon as it comes to toilet installation, a part.: the inlet valve by turning off the water necessary to flush a toilet seat and bowl nuts hold. And as perpendicular as possible when lowering preinstalled valves, youâll need to do is making your choice and! Comes to toilet installation, a critical part of replacing the wax ring flange and it! Costs $ 70 to $ 150 the cap by turning on the rags to dirtying. Hold your current seat in place other fixtures apart from the center of the cistern nuts. Manufacturers video which is totally inadequate cleaning products and tools variety of sizes, colours and materials hiring... Outline of the distance from the toilet tank almost certainly need replacing brass bolts and a!
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