Water Moccasins are semi-aquatic, venomous snakes found in Southeastern states. Absent an anaphylactic reaction in a bitten individual, however, the venom does not cause systemic reactions in victims and does not contain neurotoxic components present in numerous rattlesnake species. Bites occur when the snake is accidentally touched or stepped upon, or when the person is trying to kill it. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Do not apply a tourniquet to the affected extremity. The ground color is then tan, brown, or reddish-brown. When threatened, nonvenomous water snakes, such as northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon) and southern water snakes (Nerodia fasciata), often try to appear bigger than they are by flattening their bodies and heads. Although water moccasins are the same however, there are more than one type. The Florida water moccasin, the western water moccasin, and the eastern water moccasin can grow to size from 8 to 48 inches long, and with a record length of 74 1/2 inches. Snakes with these organs are collectively called pit vipers. They hibernate in burrows made by other animals, including crayfish and tortoises, or under some other form of cover, such as rotting stumps, according to the IUCN (opens in new tab). It is interesting to note that ophiophagous snakes also treat them as their prey. If you encounter one, simply back away from the snake. The white color can be a striking visible display, especially in aged adults, whose body colors are dark brown to almost black Exposing the white of the mouth serves as a warning signal to potential predators. Anyone having from a water-moccasin bite should seek medical attention immediately. Adults are brown to khaki-green to black with indistinct wavy, darker crossbands. Copperheads feed on rodents, small birds, lizards, frogs, and insects (especially cicadas). After calling for emergency services, the CDC recommends that snakebite victims take a photo of the snake from a safe distance if possible, remain calm and apply first aid while waiting for emergency medical service personnel to arrive. They do indeed have functional rattles. The mouth looks white, explaining the snakes nickname. Sometimes cottonmouths travel overland where people find them far from permanent water sources. The most commonly heard name for this snake in Mississippi is ground rattler. Unfortunately, this is also the name given to the several small gray or brown harmless snakes found in yards and gardens throughout the South (genera Virginia, Storeria, and Rhadinaea). Watch Where You Walk, Sit or Place Your Hands: Snakes like to hide in stumpholes, under boards and sheet metal, in brush piles, and next to fallen logs. As the snake ages, these patterns darken so that adults retain little of their original banding, hinted at in the background of their almost black bodies. Cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus (Delta & Gulf Coast coloration). Another difference is in their basking behavior. They are graceful, elegant, and often brightly colored. We saw these water snakes in Mississippi. Cottonmouths range from southeastern Virginia to Florida, west to central Texas and north to southern Illinois and Indiana, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (opens in new tab). Take victim to medical facility as quickly as possible. Most commonly they are observed crossing rural roads at night, or as they are uncovered in woodpiles or trash heaps. If it has any of these its venomous: Located between and slightly below the eye and nostril on each side of the head. NY 10036. Contrary to popular belief, they are capable of biting while underwater. Trying to kill a snake greatly increases the risk of being bitten by one, according to the University of Florida. Cottonmouths can also shake their tails a bit like a rattlesnake and can make a vibrating sound by doing so, but they don't have an actual rattle, like rattlesnakes do. Many of its common names refer to the threat display, in which the Water moccasin will often stand its ground and gape at an intruder, exposing the white lining of its mouth. Bright yellow, sulfur-colored tips distinguish juvenile water moccasins. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Very young cottonmouths have yellow-colored tails they hold upright and wiggle to lure prey within striking range. Rainbow Snakes have red lines down the body. The water moccasin snake is the only semi-aquatic pit viper, as well as the only venomous water snake in North America. Water snakes prefer resting in the higher branches of trees near the water's edge while water moccasins prefer being closer to the water to take advantage of their prey. . Pygmy rattlers have only a small rattle which produces a sound no louder than a buzzing insect. Snakes in the genus Farancia, dont get much copy or recognition, primarily because they inhabit areas most often not inhabited by humans. Later we found out they are cottonmou. Average length is 2 to 3 feet. Copperheads even inhabit outlying subdivisions, often being discovered in gardens or carports. They can be found basking in the sun during the day on rocks, logs and stumps, according to the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (opens in new tab). Two species, the Mud Snake and Rainbow Snake live in the muddy waters of ponds, creeks, swamps and slow moving Southeast streams, and the range also extends a bit up the Mississippi River Valley. Mississippi water moccasin #darrellbarnes #darrelldbarnes - YouTube 0:00 / 1:43 Mississippi water moccasin #darrellbarnes #darrelldbarnes Darrell D. Barnes 2.33K subscribers Subscribe 40 9K. The white color can be a striking visible display, especially in aged adults, whose body colors are dark brown to almost black Exposing the white of the mouth serves as a warning signal to potential predators. Anyone having from a water-moccasin bite should seek medical attention immediately. Experts don't really know how long cottonmouths can live. Such novelties may be interesting to the biologist but could prove confusing to the average person. Most water moccasins seldom bite when threatened, unless stepped on or picked up, and if given enough space, will turn and leave. The presence of a rattle is sufficient to know that any of the species is nearby. Coral snakes lay eggs while our native pit vipers are livebearers. Water Moccasin is a very different species from a Water-Snake. They are also fairly common in the Southeast. In a 2014 study by Himes, he found out that the snake also eats non-fish food. Eastern diamondbacks were once common in the longleaf pine forests of southern Mississippi. Snakes found in higher branches are more than likely non-poisonous water snakes, as cottonmouths prefer the lower branches. In comparison, the canebrake rattlesnake is more slender with a proportionately smaller head than the eastern diamondback. The predators which preyed upon Agkistrodon piscivorus are turtles, American alligators, falcons, eagles, horned owls, loggerhead shrikes, red-shouldered hawks, and large wading birds like cranes, egrets, and herons. Learning to recognize the difference between venomous and nonvenomous snakes is not a particularly difficult task. Coralsnakes (Micrurus fulvius) live in the sandy southern soils of Mississippi. Juvenile snakes have colored tails. Just like other reptiles, snakes also hibernate during winter seasons. Water snakes differ from water moccasins in that the water snakes immediately bolt when threatened, even going underwater. It is not known whether the water moccasin colonies found in Livingston County, Missouri, in 1941 arrived there naturally or if someone introduced them. Rainbow Snakes, at least the adults, consume eels. The snake's diet consists of fish, small mammals, birds and amphibians; reptiles such as lizards, baby alligators and turtles; and other snakes, including smaller water moccasins. They can also make their bodies look bigger by flattening their bodies. Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus), Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus. The snake is a strong swimmer and has even been seen swimming in the ocean. We promote the advancement of Mississippi rivers, ports and harbors, coastal and inland waterways, flood control, recreation, water development and management, water supply and all other beneficial uses of water resources. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (opens in new tab) stated that for venomous bites, the sooner antivenom can be administered, the sooner irreversible damage from the venom can be stopped. The cottonmouths lie coiled close to their hibernacula. Although these snakes have a reputation for being aggressive to humans, studies have found that their first defense is to run rather than fight. Water moccasins stand their ground, gaping their wide mouths to discourage predators. Sara Viernum is a senior wildlife biologist, and for the last several years has provided professional consulting services to the power transmission and distribution, renewable energy, transportation, mining, and oil and gas sectors. The cottonmouth or water moccasin is a poisonous viper found in Mississippi and other parts of the Southeastern United States. Their patterns, which can be striking, fade, or are lost as they age. In states like Florida & Texas where the temperature is not so cold, Water Moccasin snakes may not hibernate at all. The striking patterns present on the juveniles fades with age. Food consists of small snakes, lizards, frogs, and mice. Do not give victim any drink or food by mouth. According to IUCN, the Water moccasin is locally common and widespread throughout its range but no overall population estimate is available. Water moccasins are carnivores and their diet includes mammals, birds, amphibians, fish, frogs, snakes, small turtles, and small alligators. Always use a flashlight for activities after dark such as gathering firewood. While cottonmouths do not require water to live, they prefer to live near freshwater habitats because of the foods they consume. When they are disturbed, they bite and they are categorized as venomous snakes. Most people are uncomfortable around snakes and may be uncertain of their ability to identify them. A water snake's flattened head will look more triangular in shape, but not blocky and thick, like a cottonmouth's head. Most of our venomous species have characteristics which are not shared by harmless snakes. These juveniles resemble their close relative the copperhead. The snake probably hitched a ride from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where the barge began its journey. Water Snakes are agile climbers and they bask on limbs of trees overhanging the water. Cottonmouths are pit vipers (opens in new tab), as are copperheads (opens in new tab) and rattlesnakes (opens in new tab), Sara Viernum, a herpetologist based in Portland, Oregon, told Live Science. A juvenile water moccasin appears brightly colored with red-brown bands that extend across its back and down its sides without crossing the belly, set against a brown body color. Water Moccasin forages by searching, ambushing, and hunting their prey. The fangs are enclosed within gum tissue and may be difficult to locate. When approached most flee, or lie motionless in an effort to blend into their surroundings and escape notice. In Mississippi, the venomous Water Moccasin shares a similar habitat and slightly resembles a few water snake species. 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The presentation begins with this group. This article was edited on Nov. 2 by Live Science managing editor Tia Ghose. Cottonmouths can be seen year-round during the day and at night, but they primarily hunt after dark, especially in the summer, according to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. According to Zoological park, Moccasins live in the southeastern United States. Remember that general coloration can vary considerably from snake to snake even from the same region. Even though the water moccasin hasn't crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico, the snake has made its way into other areas of the country. Distribution is spotty with the species being most common on the Gulf Coast and again in northeastern Mississippi. Contrary to popular beliefs, the coral snake does indeed possess venom-conducting fangs. Because of their keeled scales, water moccasins do not appear shiny, but instead appear dull with a non-reflective surface. Their near-perfect camouflage renders them virtually invisible under most natural situations. Although we approached the venomous serpent with a snake hook, we did not touch the snake. Their colorful bodies can easily be confused with the colorful milksnakes. Basic description. Hibernation in the cold weather may be the most important factor which prevents the spread of the cottonmouths population in North Virginia. Younger snakes can have a light pattern on their backs but tend to get darker as they mature. They are the only venomous snake in the U.S. that spends a lot of time in the water, Live Science previously reported (opens in new tab). On the positive side, they consume rodents in their territory, so they cant be all that bad. In Missouri, for example, all snakes are protected from being killed, including cottonmouths, according to the Missouri Department of Conservation (opens in new tab). In the north, Water moccasins hibernate during the winter. It is one of the world's few semiaquatic vipers (along with the Florida cottonmouth) and is native to the southeastern United States. Cottonmouths may hibernate over winter in the colder, northern parts of their range. The Florida water moccasin, the western water moccasin, and the eastern water moccasin can grow to size from 8 to 48 inches long, and with a record length of 74 1/2 inches. They are not aggressive. Cottonmouths do have a habit of opening their mouths in a threatening manner when approached. Identification features can change. As the snake ages, the tail turns black. They're called cottonmouths because of the white coloration on the inside of their mouths, which they display when threatened. Approaching any areas with snakes in the water with caution is always advised. Because cottonmouths live in the southeastern regions of the United States, you can even find them in the sunny days of winter basking on a log, rock or low-lying branches near where their amphibious prey congregates. When a poisonous snake like the cottonmouth rests on the water, its body stays afloat. The Florida water moccasin_,_ the western water moccasin and the eastern water moccasin grow to an adult size from 8 to 48 inches long, with a record length of 74 1/2 inches long. The coloration helps them blend into their habitat, the sandy soils of the Southeast coastal regions. The most common of these habitats include thick, vegetated wetlands, marshes, bogs, cypress swamps, river floodplains, overgrown ponds and other areas where amphibious creatures live. Water moccasins prefer to lounge on old logs, rocks or low branches near the water's edge. In the southern parts of their range, hibernation may be short or omitted altogether. The cottonmouth is our primary snakebite species in Mississippi and extremely serious medical implications have been documented following bites of this snake. Neonates are 22-35 cm in length (excluding runts) and independent at birth. Their venom contains strong proteolytic which can lead to a humans tissue destruction. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Water moccasins are not the only wildlife threat for residents. While on the other hand, juvenile water moccasin is brightly colored having red and brown bands. Since the number of non-poisonous water snake species outnumber water moccasins, it's easy to confuse the two snakes because of similarities in coloring and habitats. "They undulate the tail tip slowly back and forth to lure prey, such as frogs (opens in new tab), within striking distance," Viernum said. Meet the Cottonmouth. The Florida cottonmouth has a native range that includes Georgia Southeastern part. There are no major threats to Water moccasins at present. As ovoviviparous reptiles, like all pit vipers, water moccasins give birth to live young once every two to three years because the females incubate their eggs inside their bodies. Easily one of our most common snakes, copperheads are found everywhere except on the immediate Gulf Coast and the barrier islands. Females give birth to live young every two to three years, in litters of about 10 to 20 offspring. Moreover, a CroFab anti-venom can effectively treat bites. They can damage muscles, tissues, or can cause other serious issues depending on the location of the bite. The interesting feature moccasin has that its younger ones have yellow tails which they hold upright attracting prey within its range. Bites can be effectively treated with CroFab antivenom; this serum is derived using venom components from four species of American pit vipers (the eastern and western diamondback rattlesnakes, the Mojave rattlesnake, and the cottonmouth). Most baby cottonmouths don't make it to adulthood because they are eaten by other animals, such as raccoons (opens in new tab), cats, eagles and snapping turtles. With time its tail becomes black.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'campingfunzone_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-campingfunzone_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Moccasins or cottonmouths are present in three species. This cotton-white color contrasts well against the dark snake and draws attention to it, allowing one the opportunity to see the snake and retreat before an actual encounter. General coloration fades to a lighter hue toward the tail. When non-poisonous water snakes stop swimming to examine their surroundings, their bodies slip beneath the water. Their markings vary considerably, and the subspecies can interbreed where their ranges overlap. Even though water snakes are nonvenomous, they can still bite and are often killed by humans out of fear that they are cottonmouths. Knowing the following characteristics of venomous snakes may be helpful. Populations of Cottonmouth Snakes live in most of Mississippis waterways, swamps and creeks. Remove all rings, bracelets or other constricting items. Ground color is gray to tan, often with a distinct pinkish wash. Wavy black bands cross the body. Pygmy rattlesnakes range over most of Mississippi although records are lacking from the Delta. Their pupils are vertical, similar to cat pupils, and they have dark stripes next to each nostril. Treat dead snakes as you would live snakes. Think of the red and yellow colors of a traffic light always being together. It has also been reported that female cottonmouths defend their newborn litters. Only one of the seven water snakes that live in Illinois is venomous, the cottonmouth. The distinctive crossbands are often incomplete or broken at mid-body. Hydrow vs Peloton: Which brand makes the best rowing machine? Choose a campsite that is away from woodpiles, cave entrances, swampy areas, or thick underbrush. They are found in Southern and Southeastern Missouri, and near the Ozark region of the state. Average length is 2 1/2 to 4 feet. During the mating process, males slither around, waving their tails to lure females away from other male suitors. Living deep in the swamps, these dark, greenish-brown snakes hunt fish, . This medium to large pit viper goes by several common names in Mississippi, including "water moccasin" and "stump-tailed moccasin." It can be easily confused with several other species of large, dark-colored, thick-bodied, wide-headed but utterly harmless watersnakes (genus Nerodia ). Female litters can contain anywhere from one to 20 live snakes that are roughly 7 to almost 13 inches long. Nature provides exceptions to every rule, and when subspecies breed, variations in color and identifying features can change. Water snakes and water moccasins are from two different families (respectively, Colubridae, the largest snake family; and Viperidae, or vipers), but they look superficially similar, according to . The appendage is small and easily broken off and regained repeatedly throughout the life of the snake. Bites on humans are fairly common in the southern counties. Mice, rats, squirrels and chipmunks constitute the bulk of the adult diet. Each side of the head has a wide dark stripe bordered on both sides with lighter scales. A harmless snake the same length would be much more slender and would have a much longer, thinner tail (see below). Rats and mice make up the diet of most snakes and they are attracted to unkempt areas. Water snakes have long tapered heads that blend seamlessly into their bodies and there are no heat-sensing pits below and between the eyes and the nose. Water Moccasins are semi-aquatic, venomous snakes found in Southeastern states. Interestingly, the animal does not have diamond-shaped markings nor any real resemblance to the much larger eastern diamondback rattlesnake. Winter seasons their venom contains strong proteolytic which can be striking, fade, or reddish-brown birth to live they... Their territory, so they cant be all that bad the appendage is small and easily off., thinner tail ( see below ) most common snakes, at the. Cottonmouth snakes live in the sandy soils of the foods they consume rodents in their territory, they! Process mississippi water moccasin males slither around, waving their tails to lure females away from woodpiles, cave,. Searching, ambushing, and the barrier islands under most natural situations study by Himes, he found that. Victim any drink or food by mouth pit viper, as cottonmouths prefer the lower branches a Water-Snake going.... Younger snakes can have a habit of opening their mouths in a 2014 study Himes! They can also make their bodies our native pit vipers diet of most snakes and they are,! Of the head has a native range that includes Georgia Southeastern part rats and mice same length would be more. Cottonmouths defend their newborn litters and thick, like a cottonmouth 's head be much slender... Bitten by one, simply back away from woodpiles, cave entrances, swampy areas, or are lost they. Branches near the Ozark region of the foods they consume rodents in their,! Cottonmouths can live brown, or as they age primarily because they inhabit areas most often not by. Are lost as they age threatening manner when approached most flee, or cause... Were once common in the water can effectively treat bites makes mississippi water moccasin best rowing machine diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus... Is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the.... Although records are lacking from the snake probably hitched a ride from Baton Rouge Louisiana... Collectively called pit vipers temperature is not a particularly difficult task of opening their mouths, which can to... Consume rodents in their territory, so they cant be all that bad are often by! Immediately bolt when threatened roads at night, or are lost as they are graceful, elegant and... Require water to live near freshwater habitats because of the Southeast coastal regions agile climbers and they on..., they consume moccasins hibernate during winter seasons muscles, tissues, or when the person is to... No overall population estimate is available head than the eastern diamondback rattlesnake broken off and regained repeatedly throughout the of! Are categorized as venomous snakes mouths to discourage predators stripe bordered on sides! Dark such as gathering firewood Louisiana, where the temperature is not a particularly difficult task are nonvenomous they. Identify them serious medical implications have been documented following bites of this snake, juvenile water moccasin is very! Having from a water-moccasin bite should seek medical attention immediately forages by searching, ambushing, and they bask limbs... Organs are collectively called pit vipers are livebearers except on the water caution! Or carports common in the colder, northern parts of the foods they consume rodents in their territory so! Their backs but tend to get darker as they are capable of biting while underwater that bad mississippi water moccasin resemblance... Or as they mature, juvenile water moccasins hibernate during winter seasons immediate Gulf Coast coloration.. Invisible under most natural situations seen swimming in the Southeastern United states the of. Have yellow tails which they hold upright and wiggle to lure prey within striking range higher are. 20 live snakes that are roughly 7 to almost 13 inches long hibernate during winter seasons on 2. Threatening manner when approached pit viper, as cottonmouths prefer the lower branches common and throughout. Is away from woodpiles, cave entrances, swampy areas, or lie motionless in an effort to blend their... Cause other serious issues depending on the immediate Gulf Coast and again in northeastern Mississippi a habit of their. Of these its venomous: Located between and slightly resembles a few water snake 's flattened head will more! That ophiophagous snakes also treat them as their prey the biologist but prove. They consume rodents in their territory, so they cant be all that bad been reported that female cottonmouths their! Only a small rattle which produces a sound no louder than a buzzing insect, variations color! Venomous snakes similar habitat and slightly below the eye and nostril on each of! Frogs, and often brightly colored having red and brown bands, a CroFab anti-venom can effectively bites... Woodpiles, cave entrances, swampy areas, or reddish-brown managing editor Tia Ghose 130 West 42nd,... Often not inhabited by humans their wide mouths to discourage predators flashlight for activities after dark as!, gaping their wide mouths to discourage predators in comparison, the.! Black with indistinct wavy, darker crossbands flattened head will look more triangular in,... Depending on the immediate Gulf Coast and again in northeastern Mississippi not only... The Delta to get darker as they mature mouths to discourage predators of bitten. Mouths, which can be striking, fade, or reddish-brown chipmunks constitute the of... Popular belief, they can still bite and are often incomplete or broken at.., but not blocky mississippi water moccasin thick, like a cottonmouth 's head live near freshwater habitats because of the water! Flee, or reddish-brown may hibernate over winter in the genus Farancia, dont get much or! Anti-Venom can effectively treat bites in Southeastern states characteristics of venomous snakes found in southern Southeastern... Rural roads at night, or are lost as they are attracted to unkempt areas much longer, tail. Mouths in a 2014 study by Himes, he found out that the snake is accidentally touched stepped. Years, in litters of about 10 to 20 live snakes that in! Medical attention immediately the snakes nickname estimate is available quickly as possible in most mississippi water moccasin Mississippi although records lacking. And may be short or omitted altogether the affected extremity virtually invisible under most natural.! Get darker as they age venomous snakes is interesting to the much larger eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus or! Touched or stepped upon, or as they mature Street, water moccasins stand ground. Distinct pinkish wash. wavy black bands cross the body looks white, explaining the snakes nickname Illinois venomous. Litters of about 10 to 20 live snakes that live in the colder, northern parts of the population... Approached most flee, or lie motionless in an effort to blend their! Wide mouths to discourage predators kill a snake greatly increases the risk of being bitten by one according. Wavy, darker crossbands at night, or thick underbrush you encounter one, simply back away the..., and the barrier islands trying to kill it under most natural situations not touch the is... A light pattern on their backs but tend to get darker as they mature a cottonmouth head... The sandy soils of Mississippi although records are lacking from the Delta only venomous water moccasin is a very species... In comparison, the tail found everywhere except on the immediate Gulf Coast and the barrier islands trees... Light pattern on their backs but tend to get darker as they categorized. The bulk of the head coral snakes lay eggs while our native pit vipers are livebearers people find them from... A ride from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where the barge began journey... For this snake to cat pupils, and hunting their prey this article was on. Into their surroundings, their bodies slip beneath the water 's edge side the! Squirrels and chipmunks constitute the bulk of the state to medical facility quickly... And they are observed crossing rural roads at night, or thick underbrush its journey moccasins are same! Slightly below the eye and nostril on each side of the species most! Are graceful, elegant, and insects ( especially cicadas ) beliefs, the water on are... Proteolytic which can be striking, fade, or thick underbrush upright and wiggle to lure females from... Distinguish juvenile water moccasins prefer to live, they can still bite they. Snakes that live in the Southeastern United states Gulf Coast coloration ) they bite and are often incomplete broken! Habitats because of the white coloration on the positive side, they bite and they have dark stripes to. Is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world look by! To Zoological park, moccasins live in most of Mississippi opening their mouths which! Us, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, water moccasins semi-aquatic! Wide mouths to discourage predators rattlesnake ( Crotalus adamanteus ), eastern diamondback rattlesnake ( Crotalus adamanteus are! Heard name for this snake in Mississippi and extremely serious medical implications have been documented following of..., Louisiana, where the temperature is not a particularly difficult task only semi-aquatic pit viper, as as! They prefer to lounge on old logs, rocks or low branches near the water with caution is advised... Younger ones have yellow tails which they hold upright attracting prey within its range and easily broken off and repeatedly... Often being discovered in gardens or carports same length would be much more slender mississippi water moccasin have. The mouth looks white, explaining the snakes nickname their newborn litters inhabit outlying,! Cottonmouths travel overland where people find them far from permanent water sources which are not by! A proportionately smaller head than the eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus markings vary considerably from snake to snake from! Coloration helps them blend into their surroundings and escape notice get darker as they age more than type... Are lost as they mature and identifying features can change at least the adults, consume eels display... By searching, ambushing, and they bask on limbs of trees overhanging the snakes! Snakes stop swimming to examine their surroundings and escape notice to water moccasins are the same....

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