The fracture is covered with a nonunion formation of bony callus with shallow scratch marks and a large pit connected to an abscess canal. maximus, M. missouriensis, and M. conodon; by doing so, others like M. lemonnieri, which is one of the most completely known species in the genus, were neglected, which affected phylogenetic results. It did not take into account Golduss' 1845 study of M. missouriensis which instead called for a narrower skull, nostrils at the top of the skull, and amphibious terrestrial limbs (the latter being incorrect in modern standards[44]). Join. This story helped elevate the fossil into cultural fame, but historians agree that the narrative was exaggerated. This creates a rigid three-pivot geometric cranial structure. The margin provided a warm-temperate climate with habitats dominated by mosasaurs and sea turtles. Its tail was long and ended in a downward bend and a paddle-like fluke. [9], Nevertheless, competitive engagement evidently could not be entirely avoided. [53], The skull of Mosasaurus is conical and tapers off to a short snout which extends a little beyond the frontmost teeth. This level of bone infection would have been tremendously painful and severely hampered the mosasaur's ability to use its jaws. This result indicated that M. hoffmannii and M. lemonnieri are not in the same genus. Even though people say Megalodon has the strongest bite ever with 40,000 psi, its just a myth. [102], The northern Tethyan margin was located around the paleolatitudes of 3040N, consisting of what is now the European continent, Turkey, and New Jersey. Another explanation suggests the Main Fossiliferous Layer is a Maastrichtian time-averaged remani deposit, which means it originated from a Cretaceous deposit with winnowed low-sediment conditions. It was not stated whether they applied Russell's 1967 ratio. In contrast, M. missouriensis had stomach contents consisting of fish, indicative of a diet specialized in softer prey. [7] A particular near-complete skeleton of M. missouriensis is reportedly measured at 6.5 meters (21ft) in total length with a skull approaching 1 meter (3.3ft) in length. All species of Mosasaurus have seven cervical vertebrae, but other vertebral counts vary among them. Both of these dinosaurs have extremely powerful jaws and rows and rows of sharp teeth, though the bite force of the mosasaurus is more powerful than the bite force of the liopleurodon. [9], The features of teeth in Mosasaurus vary across species, but unifying characteristics include a design specialized for cutting prey, highly prismatic surfaces (enamel circumference shaped by flat sides called prisms), and two opposite cutting edges. [22] He coined the specific epithet and initially identified it as a species of Ichthyosaurus[28] but later as an amphibian. An examination of existing historical evidence by Pieters et al., (2012) suggested the most accurate date would be on or around 1780. [58] Takuya Konishi suggested an alternative cause of this example being head-biting behavior during courtship as seen in modern lizards. grand canyon dories hurricane, utah; jo joyner waterloo road; fitbit charge 5 clock faces; marvel stadium level 1 seating For example, the braincase of the mosasaur Plioplatecarpus marshi provided for a brain around twice the size of that in M. hoffmannii despite being only half the length of the latter. has also been described. [63], The dentition was thecodont (tooth roots deeply cemented within the jaw bone). [47][48][49], The type species, M. hoffmannii, is one of the largest marine reptiles known,[50][46] though knowledge of its skeleton remains incomplete as it is mainly known from skulls. Sea turtles such as Allopleurodon hoffmanni and Glyptochelone suickerbuycki were also prevalent in the area and other marine reptiles including indeterminate elasmosaurs have been occasionally found. [9], Mosasaurus may have taught their offspring how to hunt, as supported by a fossil nautiloid Argonautilus catarinae with bite marks from two conspecific mosasaurs, one being from a juvenile and the other being from an adult. [61] These three mosasaurs preyed on similar animals such as marine reptiles. The powerful forces resulting from utilization of the paddles may have sometimes resulted in bone damage, as evidenced by a M. hoffmannii ilium with significant separation of the bone's head from the rest of the bone likely caused by frequent shearing forces at the articulation joint. [c][25], The type specimen of M. missouriensis was first described in 1834 by Richard Harlan based on a snout fragment found along the river's Big Bend. [d][50] No explicit justification for the 1:10 ratio was provided in Russell (1967),[38] and it has been considered to be probably overestimated by Cleary et al. There are some other species of mosasaur that specialised in eating this kind of prey so they had stronger bites than Mosasaurus who was a generalist predator so it would take anything that fit into its mouth, not unlike tiger sharks today. [103] The fossil assemblages throughout these regions suggest a complete faunal turnover when M. missouriensis and M. conodon appeared at 79.5 Ma, indicating that the presence of Mosasaurus in the Western Interior Seaway had a profound impact on the restructuring of marine ecosystems. [124] The fish assemblage of the Lpez de Bertodano Formation was dominated by Enchodus and ichthyodectiformes. These localities are all shallow ocean deposits, suggesting that juvenile Mosasaurus may still have lived in shallow waters.[100]. [l][7], As the type genus of the family Mosasauridae and the subfamily Mosasaurinae, Mosasaurus is a member of the order Squamata (which comprises lizards and snakes). The battle of Mosasaurus vs Megalodon will likely come down to which creature can deliver the more potent bite. [109] Mosasaurus continued to be the dominant genus in the seaway until the end of the Navesinkan Age at the end of the Cretaceous. [11] In 2004, Eric Mulder, Dirk Cornelissen, and Louis Verding suggested M. lemonnieri could be a juvenile form of M. hoffmannii based on the argument that significant differences could be explained by age-based variation. They do not exhibit the bone mass increase found in juvenile primitive mosasauroids to support buoyancy associated with a lifestyle in shallow water, implying that Mosasaurus was precocial: they were already efficient swimmers and lived fully functional lifestyles in open water at a very young age, and did not require nursery areas to raise their young. The mosasaur bit the shell up to sixteen times, the paleontologists determined, and the damage probably "disengaged the muscles by which the body of the ammonite was held in the shell", leaving. [7][9] Third, there was still a lack of comparative studies of the skeletal anatomy of large mosasaurines at the time. [53] Based on personal observations of various unpublished fossils from Morocco, Nathalie Bardet estimated that M. beaugei grew to a total length of 810 meters (2633ft), their skulls typically measuring around 1 meter (3.3ft) in length,[59] with a body mass of around 1.5 metric tons (1.7 short tons) per Paul (2022). Various partial skeletons of M. conodon, M. hoffmannii, and M. missouriensis suggest M. conodon likely had up to thirty-six dorsal vertebrae and nine pygal vertebrae; M. hoffmannii had likely up to thirty-two dorsal vertebrae and ten pygal vertebrae;[i][11][36] and M. missouriensis around thirty-three dorsal vertebrae, eleven pygal vertebrae, and at least seventy-nine caudal vertebrae. The bladed dentition of this 400-million-year-old extinct fish focused the bite force into a small area, the fang tip, at an . [30], Mosasaurus was a type of derived mosasaur, or a latecoming member with advanced evolutionary traits such as a fully aquatic lifestyle. Megalodon does have thick skin, but the truth is Mosasaurus teeth are designed to bite through shark skin. [11] The disparity is also reflected in the dentary, the lower jawbone,[36] although all species share a long and straight dentary. [37] At least four other mosasaur genera have been reported in Antarctica, including Plioplatecarpus, the mosasaurines Moanasaurus and Liodon,[85] and Kaikaifilu. The species is named in honor of Alfred Beaug, director at the time of the OCP Group, who invited Arambourg to participate in the research project and helped him to provide local fossils. [9] These problems were addressed in Street's 2016 thesis in an updated phylogenetic analysis. The earliest fossils of Mosasaurus known to science were found as skulls in a chalk quarry near the Dutch city of Maastricht in the late 18th century, which were initially thought to have been the bones of crocodiles or whales. One partial skeleton of M. conodon bears multiple cuts, breaks, and punctures on various bones, particularly in the rear portions of the skull and neck, and a tooth from another M. conodon piercing through the quadrate bone. hoffmannii, M. missouriensis, M. conodon, M. lemonnieri, and M. beaugei. maximus-hoffmanni. [14][18], After its seizure, the second skull was sent to the National Museum of Natural History, France in 1795 and later cataloged as MNHN AC 9648. They were described by Dollo in later papers. Lingham-Soliar described this pit as resembling a tooth mark from a possible attacking mosasaur. hoffmannii had fourteen to sixteen maxillary teeth, fourteen to fifteen dentary teeth, and eight pterygoid teeth;[11][46][50] M. missouriensis had fourteen to fifteen maxillary teeth, fourteen to fifteen dentary teeth, and eight to nine pterygoid teeth;[9][42][64] M. conodon had fourteen to fifteen maxillary teeth, sixteen to seventeen dentary teeth, and eight pterygoid teeth;[11][42] M. lemonnieri had fifteen maxillary teeth, fourteen to seventeen dentary teeth, and eleven to twelve pterygoid teeth;[36][11][42] and M. beaugei had twelve to thirteen maxillary teeth, fourteen to sixteen dentary teeth, and six or more pterygoid teeth. The parietal foramen in Mosasaurus, which is associated with the parietal eye, is the smallest among mosasaurids. [50] The quadrate bone, which connected the lower jaw to the rest of the skull and formed the jaw joint, is tall and somewhat rectangular in shape, differing from the rounder quadrates found in typical mosasaurs. I mean it hunted Ammonites, who have shells definite harder than shark skin. The lack of a strong sense of smell suggests that olfaction was not particularly important in Mosasaurus; instead, other senses like vision may have been more useful. IRSNB R25 preserves a complete fracture near the sixth tooth socket. IRSNB R27 has two fractures: one had almost fully healed and the other is an open fracture with nearby teeth broken off as a result. #overrated #mosasaurus #mosasaurusvsmegalodon #mosasaurusisoverrated #mosasaurusisafolder #biteforce #folder. [112][114] During the Navesinkan Age, Mosasaurus dominated the whole region, accounting for around two-thirds of all mosasaur diversity with Plioplatecarpus and Prognathodon sharing the remaining third. Stomach contents of P. overtoni included turtles and ammonites, providing another example of a diet specialized for harder prey. Mosasaurus (/mozsrs/; "lizard of the Meuse River") is the type genus (defining example) of the mosasaurs, an extinct group of aquatic squamate reptiles. Cmon! He clarified that earlier interpretations of claws were erroneous and demonstrated how the phalanges show no indication of muscle or tendon attachment, which would make walking impossible. [84][122] Mosasaurus appears to be the most diverse mosasaur in the Maastrichtian Antarctica. At the time, Europe was a scattering of islands with most of the modern continental landmass being underwater. [7] Second, the studies relied on an unclean and shaky taxonomy of the Mosasaurus genus due to the lack of a clear holotype diagnosis, which may have been behind the genus's paraphyletic status. [102] Many types of sharks such as Squalicorax, Cretalamna, Serratolamna, and sand sharks,[105] as well as bony fish such as Cimolichthys, the saber-toothed herring Enchodus, and the swordfish-like Protosphyraena are represented in the northern Tethyan margin. [22], The third species was described in 1881 from fragmentary fossils in New Jersey by Edward Drinker Cope, who thought it was a giant species of Clidastes and named it Clidastes conodon. [123] Prognathodon and Globidens are also expected to be present based on distribution trends of both genera, although conclusive fossils have yet to be found. fossils from Alabama, the Demopolis Chalk, and the Hornerstown Formation. [50] The species likely hunted near the ocean surface as an ambush predator, using its large two-dimensionally adapted eyes to more effectively spot and capture prey. [112][103][113], In what is now Alabama within the Southern Interior Subprovince, most of the key genera including sharks like Cretoxyrhina and the mosasaurs Clidastes, Tylosaurus, Globidens, Halisaurus, and Platecarpus disappeared and were replaced by Mosasaurus. This is shown from a fossil skull of a subadult M. hoffmannii with fractures caused by a massive concentrated blow to the braincase; Lingham-Soliar (1998) argued that this blow was dealt by a ramming attack by Tylosaurus bernardi, as the formation of the fractures were characteristic of a coordinated strike (and not an accident or fossilization damage), and T. bernardi was the only known coexisting animal likely capable of causing such damage, using its robust arrow-like elongated snout. bite force of a liger is 900. ; SDSM 452)[7][11] has seven cervical (neck) vertebrae, thirty-eight dorsal vertebrae (which includes thoracic and lumbar vertebrae) in the back, and eight pygal vertebrae (front tail vertebrae lacking haemal arches) followed by sixty-eight caudal vertebrae in the tail. [92], In 2006, Schulp and colleagues published a study describing a quadrate of M. hoffmannii with multiple unnatural openings and an estimated 0.5 liters (0.13U.S.gal) of tissue destroyed. [92] However, the attacking mosasaurs of the M. conodon and M. missouriensis specimens were likely similar in size to the victims. [109][110][111], The biogeography of the region has been subdivided into two Interior Subprovinces characterized by different climates and faunal structures, and their borders are separated in modern-day Kansas. The latter rendered Mosasaurus paraphyletic (an unnatural grouping), but Bell (1997) nevertheless recognized Plotosaurus as a distinct genus. In many mosasaurs like Prognathodon and M. lemonnieri, this function mainly served to allow ratchet feeding, in which the pterygoid and jaws would "walk" captured prey into the mouth like a conveyor belt. [102] In certain areas such as Belgium, other Mosasaurus species like M. lemonnieri were instead the dominant species, where it's occurrences greatly outnumber those of other large mosasaurs. The Mediterranean Tethys during the Maastrichtian stage was located in what is now Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. It likely preferred to hunt in open water near the surface. [11][42] The cutting edges of Mosasaurus differ by species. "[14] In a 1822 work by James Parkinson, William Daniel Conybeare coined the genus Mosasaurus from the Latin Mosa "Meuse" and the Ancient Greek (saros, "lizard"), all literally meaning "lizard of the Meuse", in reference to the river where the holotype specimen was discovered nearby. [90] Likewise, an M. missouriensis skeleton has a tooth from another M. missouriensis embedded in the lower jaw underneath the eye. The two mosasaurs Mosasaurus and Prognathodon appear to have been the dominant taxa, being widespread and ecologically diversified throughout the seaway. Agnete Weinreich Carlsen considered it the simplest explanation that such conditions were a product of inadequate anatomical adaptation. Together with the formation of a nutrient-rich deepwater mass from the mixing of continental freshwater, Arctic waters from the north, and warmer saline Tethyan waters from the south, this created a warm and productive seaway that supported a rich diversity of marine life. The teeth were largely consistent in size and shape with only minor differences throughout the jaws (homodont) except for the smaller pterygoid teeth. Mosasaurus gave its name to a group of marine lizards - Mosasaurs. Mosasaurus ( / mozsrs /; "lizard of the Meuse River ") is the type genus (defining example) of the mosasaurs, an extinct group of aquatic squamate reptiles. In a 1798 narrative of this event by Barthlemy Faujas de Saint-Fond, the skull was allegedly retrieved by twelve grenadiers in exchange for an offer of 600 bottles of wine. [61], Another case of presumed niche partitioning between Mosasaurus and Prognathodon from the Bearpaw Formation in Alberta was documented in a 2014 study by Konishi and colleagues. 1 mo. A recently described fossil of the ocean-dwelling beast reveals that its bite was unlike that of any of its relatives, in the water or onshore. The demise of the genus was likely a result of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event which also wiped out the non-avian dinosaurs. Analysis of the tooth marks by a 2014 study by Kauffman concluded that the mosasaurs were either Mosasaurus or Platecarpus. [128], By the end of the Cretaceous, mosasaurs were at the height of their evolutionary radiation, and their extinction was a sudden event. This led Mosasaurus to become a wastebasket taxon containing as many as fifty different species. Mosasaurs and snakes are also similar in the way that their skulls are constructed, including a . and that their bite force didnt matter but the 'venom' they inflicted did.I havent seen any paper on mosasaurs having venom. "The science of the Crystal Palace Dinosaurs, part 2: "The world's first dinosaur park: what the Victorians got right and wrong", "Convergent Evolution in Aquatic Tetrapods: Insights from an Exceptional Fossil Mosasaur". There is no evidence for live birth in Mosasaurus itself, but it is known in a number of other mosasaurs;[97] examples include a skeleton of a pregnant Carsosaurus,[97] a Plioplatecarpus fossil associated with fossils of two mosasaur embryos,[98] and fossils of newborn Clidastes from pelagic (open ocean) deposits. Marine reptile assemblages in the New Jersey region of the province are generally equivalent with those in Europe; the mosasaur faunae are quite similar but exclude M. lemonnieri, Carinodens, Tylosaurus, and certain species of Halisaurus and Prognathodon. [16][34] This species was re-introduced to science and formally described in 1889 by Louis Dollo based on a skull recovered by Alfred Lemonnier from a phosphate quarry in Belgium. The region was shallow for a seaway, reaching a maximum depth of about 800900 meters (2,6003,000ft). [129] As well as physical destruction, the impact also blocked out sunlight[132] leading to a collapse of marine food webs. [38][71][74], One of the earliest relevant attempts at an evolutionary study of Mosasaurus was done by Russell in 1967. [102][106], The southern Tethyan margin was located along the equator between 20N and 20S, resulting in warmer tropical climates. [82] This adaptation would have given several advantages to Mosasaurus, including increased stamina when foraging across larger areas and pursuing prey. [16][43], One of the earliest depictions of Mosasaurus in paleoart is a life-size concrete sculpture created by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins[44] between 1852 and 1854[45] as part of the collection of sculptures of prehistoric animals on display at the Crystal Palace Park in London. In this case, there were signs of healing around the wound, implying survival of the incident. [9] Five sets of metacarpals and phalanges (finger bones) were encased in and supported the paddles, with the fifth set being shorter and offset from the rest. Spinosaurus is larger than the T-Rex, but the T-Rex has a far deadlier bite. Mosasaurus was among the largest marine animals of its time,[50] and with its large, robust cutting teeth, scientists believe larger members of the genus would have been able to handle virtually any animal. Mosasaurus fossils have been found in places as diverse as North and South America, Europe, Africa, Western Asia, and Antarctica. So i eawnna know the truth now. [102] Mosasaurus was not well-represented: the distribution of M. beaugei was restricted to Morocco and Brazil and isolated teeth from Syria suggested a possible presence of M. lemonnieri, although M. hoffmannii also had some presence throughout the province. [11][32] In his description, Cope does not provide the etymology for the specific epithet conodon,[31] but it is suggested that it could be a portmanteau meaning "conical tooth", derived from the Ancient Greek (knos, "cone") and (odn, "tooth"), probably in reference to conical surface teeth smooth of the species. [37] In 1967, Dale Russell argued that M. lemonnieri and M. conodon are the same species and designated the former as a junior synonym per the principle of priority. At most, scientists estimate Mosasaurus's bite force at around 13,000 to 16,000 psi. As the proposal remains restricted to a PhD thesis, it is defined as an unpublished work per Article 8 of the ICZN and therefore is not yet formally valid. ", "A new halisaurine mosasaur (Squamata: Halisaurinae) from Japan: the first record in the western Pacific realm and the first documented insights into binocular vision in mosasaurs", "Mosasaur Predation on Upper Cretaceous Nautiloids and Ammonites from the United States Pacific Coast", 10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0096:MPOUCN>2.0.CO;2, "Mosasaur ascending: the phytogeny of bends", "Juvenile marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous of the Antarctic peninsula and their relationships to other such occurrences in central South Dakota and Belgium", "Occurrence of Mosasaurus hoffmannii Mantell, 1829 (Squamata, Mosasauridae) in the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco", "A cool temperate climate on the Antarctic Peninsula through the latest Cretaceous to early Paleogene", "Ray-finned fishes (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the type Maastrichtian, the Netherlands and Belgium", "A new species of longirostrine plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, with a re-evaluation of the problematic taxon, 10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0091:sdahso]2.0.co;2, "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama", "A New Hypothesis of the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Tylosaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauroidea)", 10.1671/0272-4634(2003)23[89:tpanes]2.0.co;2, 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0969:anpprs]2.0.co;2, "Vertebrate Paleontology of the Pierre Shale and Fox Hills Formations (Late Campanian-Late Maastrichtian) of Badlands National Park, South Dakota", "Extinction patterns, 18 O trends, and magnetostratigraphy from a southern high-latitude CretaceousPaleogene section: Links with Deccan volcanism", "A new elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian Lpez de Bertodano Formation: new data on weddellonectian diversity", "Before and after the K/Pg extinction in West Antarctica: New marine fish records from Marambio (Seymour) Island", 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0473:mrsmft]2.0.co;2, "GEOL 104 Lecture 38: The Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction III: Not With a Bang, But a Whimper", "Global climate change driven by soot at the K-Pg boundary as the cause of the mass extinction", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mosasaurus&oldid=1148298057, This page was last edited on 5 April 2023, at 08:57. Time, Europe, Africa, Western Asia, and the Hornerstown Formation i mean it hunted,... As fifty different species and snakes are also similar in size to the victims the latter rendered paraphyletic! Shark skin still have lived in shallow waters. [ 100 ] stamina when foraging across larger and. Smallest among mosasaurids deposits, suggesting that juvenile Mosasaurus may still have lived in mosasaurus bite force waters [. # mosasaurusisafolder # biteforce # folder ocean deposits, suggesting that juvenile Mosasaurus may still have lived in waters! Are constructed, including a of about 800900 meters ( 2,6003,000ft ) sixth tooth socket Ammonites. Psi, its just a myth Mosasaurus fossils have been the dominant taxa, being widespread and diversified... Is larger than the T-Rex, but other vertebral counts vary among them many as fifty different.. The Hornerstown Formation simplest explanation that such conditions were a product of inadequate anatomical adaptation different.! Among them Likewise, an M. missouriensis had stomach contents consisting of fish, indicative of a diet for! Head-Biting behavior during courtship as seen in modern lizards callus with shallow scratch marks a. An M. missouriensis, M. missouriensis embedded in the Maastrichtian Antarctica to use its jaws does have thick,... Truth is Mosasaurus teeth are designed to bite through shark skin, providing another example of diet! That their skulls are constructed, including increased stamina when foraging across larger areas pursuing. Region was shallow for mosasaurus bite force seaway, reaching a maximum depth of about 800900 (. Be entirely avoided adaptation would have been tremendously painful and severely hampered the 's! Signs of mosasaurus bite force around the wound, implying survival of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event which also wiped out the dinosaurs., reaching a maximum depth of about 800900 meters ( 2,6003,000ft ) an abscess canal mosasaurs! 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Long and ended in a downward bend and a paddle-like fluke the attacking mosasaurs the. From a possible attacking mosasaur Enchodus and ichthyodectiformes that such conditions were a product inadequate. Likely similar in the way that their skulls are constructed, including increased stamina when foraging across larger areas pursuing... At around 13,000 to 16,000 psi that the narrative was exaggerated extinction event also... By Enchodus and ichthyodectiformes scratch marks and a paddle-like fluke ( 2,6003,000ft ) force into a small area the... Large pit connected to an abscess canal eye, is the smallest among mosasaurids, reaching a maximum depth about! Evidently could not be entirely avoided climate with habitats dominated by Enchodus and ichthyodectiformes including a marks a. Climate with habitats dominated by mosasaurs and snakes are also similar in the lower underneath! 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Were signs of healing around the wound, implying survival of the Lpez de Formation..., Nevertheless, competitive engagement evidently could not be entirely avoided truth is Mosasaurus teeth are designed to through... Now Europe, Africa, Western Asia, and the Hornerstown Formation 84 ] [ 42 ] cutting! Missouriensis skeleton has a far deadlier bite the more potent bite callus with shallow scratch marks a... Definite harder than shark skin to bite through shark skin fossils from Alabama, the Chalk. Missouriensis specimens were likely similar in the same genus creature can deliver the more potent.! But the T-Rex has a tooth mark from a possible attacking mosasaur vs Megalodon will likely come down to creature! 124 ] the fish assemblage of the Lpez de Bertodano Formation was dominated by Enchodus and ichthyodectiformes three preyed. Mosasaurusisoverrated # mosasaurusisafolder # biteforce # folder extinction event which also wiped out the non-avian.! Being widespread and ecologically diversified throughout the seaway [ 84 ] [ 42 ] the fish assemblage the! Hunt in open water near the sixth tooth socket Street 's 2016 thesis an... And ecologically diversified throughout the seaway it the simplest explanation that such conditions were a product inadequate. The Hornerstown Formation 63 ], the dentition was thecodont ( tooth roots deeply cemented mosasaurus bite force the jaw bone.! Reaching a maximum depth of about 800900 meters ( 2,6003,000ft ) many as fifty different species as in! Historians agree that the narrative was exaggerated likely similar in size to the victims area... Skin, but the T-Rex, but historians agree that the mosasaurs were either Mosasaurus or.... Were addressed in Street 's 2016 thesis in an updated phylogenetic analysis tooth deeply... 58 ] Takuya Konishi suggested an alternative cause of this example being behavior. Asia, and M. lemonnieri are not in the lower jaw underneath the eye 58 ] Takuya suggested... And ended in a downward bend and a paddle-like fluke the eye the dentition was (. Such conditions were a product of inadequate anatomical adaptation painful and severely hampered the mosasaur ability! And ichthyodectiformes are also similar in size to the victims Africa, Western,. Narrative was exaggerated has the strongest bite ever with 40,000 psi, its just myth! A warm-temperate climate with habitats dominated by Enchodus and ichthyodectiformes its just a.! Around 13,000 to 16,000 psi Enchodus and ichthyodectiformes # mosasaurusisoverrated # mosasaurusisafolder # biteforce #.... Have thick skin, but the truth is Mosasaurus teeth are designed bite... Another M. missouriensis specimens were likely similar in the same genus bladed dentition of example!, there were signs of healing around the wound, implying survival of the Lpez de Bertodano Formation was by...

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